Chest Radiography in Children Hospitalized with Bronchiolitis

In uncomplicated bronchiolitis, chest radiography (CR) is not routinely recommended, yet it is still frequently made. This study seeks to evaluate the use of CR in children with bronchiolitis due to a lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-RTI) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the influence of CR on patient treatment during the 2010-2017 seasons. There were 581 children included into the study: 459 with bronchiolitis (390 RSV-RTI and 69 non-RSV), 65 with RSV pneumonia and 57 with RSV bronchitis. We found that CR was performed in 28.6% (166/581) patients. CR was much more frequent in patients with RSV than non-RSV infections (61% vs. 31%). CR prognostic sensitivity and specificity in guiding antibiotic treatment was low, 78% and 58%, respectively. Positive and negative predicted values of CR were 78% and 58%, respectively and the number needed to diagnose was 2.777. Children in whom CR was performed (irrespective of the result) were at 22.9-fold higher risk of antibiotic therapy (95%CI: 14.1-37.1; p < 0.01), while those with a positive CR were only at 4.4-fold higher risk of antibiotic therapy (95%CI: 2.2-8.9; p < 0.01). Children with CR required a longer hospital stay than those without it (10 vs. 8 days, respectively; p < 0.01). The percentage of CR decreased from 78% in 2010 to 33% in 2017, with the lowest value of 11% in 2015. The additional cost of CR, which had no influence on treatment, would have been €381 had it been performed in each patient, which amounts to 1% of the total hospitalization cost. We conclude that CR is overused and in most cases it has no influence on the patient management. The recognition of practical meaning of CR is essential to avoid unnecessary radiation of children.