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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

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Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
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Physico-chemical processes.

Weihang Ouyang1, Tianhao Chen1, Yihao Shi1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

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|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 266 research articles from 2018 on water and wastewater treatment physico-chemical processes. Membrane technology received the most research attention among the eight key areas discussed.

Keywords:
adsorptioncoagulationflocculationflotationgranular filtrationmembraneoxidationphysico-chemical processessedimentation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Physico-chemical processes are crucial for effective water and wastewater management.
  • Research in water treatment is rapidly evolving, necessitating regular reviews of advancements.
  • Understanding current research trends aids in developing sustainable water solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize research articles published in 2018 focused on physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment.
  • To identify key areas of research focus and emerging trends within the field.
  • To provide a structured overview of advancements in various water treatment technologies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scan of research articles published in 2018 was conducted.
  • Articles were categorized based on physico-chemical treatment processes.
  • The review is organized into eight distinct sections covering major treatment technologies.

Main Results:

  • A total of 266 articles on water and wastewater treatment were analyzed.
  • The review encompasses eight major sections: membrane technology, granular filtration, flotation, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, capacitive deionization, ion exchange, and oxidation.
  • Membrane technology, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis/forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, garnered the most significant research interest.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight the significant research momentum in membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment.
  • The review provides a valuable snapshot of the research landscape in 2018, identifying areas of intense focus.
  • This synthesis serves as a resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of water treatment.