Dietary risk evaluation of acrylamide intake with bread in Poland, determined by two comparable cleanup procedures

Acrylamide is regarded as a food chemical contaminant. The aims of this work included: (i) to develop sample cleanup procedures applicable for determination of AA in soft bread samples; (ii) to determine AA levels in soft bread available in retail trade in Poland and to compare them with currently standing benchmark levels; (iii) to determine dietary risk related to AA in soft bread. The procedure based on ion-exchange solid phase extraction was more suitable to obtain LOQs corresponding to AA concentrations in soft bread samples. AA levels found in bread samples were in 3.6-163 µg kg^-1 range. AA levels varied greatly from sample to sample, which suggests that both food composition and manufacturing processes play a crucial role in AA generation. When considering reference point for neoplastic effects, Margin of Exposure calculated for AA taken with soft bread ranged between 543 and 3,035.