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[Mental atony in children].

I V Makarov1, A S Avtenuk2

  • 1Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for psychiatry and neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnicov, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mental atony, a condition affecting children with developmental delays, involves reduced mental tone and targeted activity. Differentiating it from autism is crucial to prevent overdiagnosis of autistic disorders.

Keywords:
autismdevelopmental delayintellectual disabilitymental atony, children

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Mental atony is a condition characterized by decreased mental tone in children.
  • It manifests as reduced attention, impaired targeted activity, and difficulties in social interaction.
  • This condition is observed in children with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phenomenon of mental atony in children.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of its history, clinical features, epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis.
  • To detail the differential diagnosis between the atonic form of intellectual disability and autism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature analysis
  • Clinical observation
  • Differential diagnosis criteria evaluation

Main Results:

  • Mental atony involves reduced mental tone, attention, and targeted activity, often responsive to stimulation.
  • Detailed criteria for differentiating atonic intellectual disability from autism are presented.
  • Brain lesions, particularly in the reticular formation, are implicated in mental atony.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough differential analysis between childhood autism and atonic intellectual disability is essential.
  • Failure to differentiate risks overdiagnosis of autistic disorders.
  • The reticular formation's role in mental atony warrants further investigation.