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Capillary-Induced Hair Twist.

Lauren Kovanko1,2, Sameh Tawfick1,2

  • 1Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W. Green St. , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.

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|September 19, 2019
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Summary

Researchers discovered that pulling hair-like fibers through a liquid interface at higher drain rates causes them to spontaneously twist into helices. This self-assembly phenomenon is controlled by liquid viscosity and surface energy, impacting fiber drying processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Spontaneous fiber twisting into helices occurs at the nano- to millimeter scale.
  • Capillary forces play a significant role in fiber self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly of hair-like fibers into twisted helices.
  • To understand the influence of liquid drain rate on fiber self-assembly dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled pulling of hair-like fibers through a liquid interface.
  • Observation and analysis of fiber self-assembly at varying liquid drain rates.
  • Quantitative analysis of the relationship between drain rate, liquid properties, and fiber geometry.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct self-assembly regimes were identified: radial coalescence at low drain rates and spontaneous twisting at higher drain rates.
  • A threshold drain rate for fiber twisting was determined, scaling with liquid viscosity (μ), surface energy (σ), fiber spacing (S), and length (l) as ∼(σ/μ)·(S/l)².
  • Liquid entrainment and subsequent radial shrinking of the liquid column were identified as the primary mechanisms inducing twisting at higher drain rates.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanism of capillary-induced fiber twisting during liquid interface manipulation.
  • Understanding these self-assembly kinetics is crucial for engineering controlled fiber drying processes across various scales.