[Opportunities that improve the effectivity of immunotherapy, bringing targeted therapies into focus]

Immunotherapy is getting more and more successful therapeutic option in case of many cancer types. Despite the clinical effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, long-lasting advantages can only be seen in a part of the patients, which makes necessary to examine immunotherapy more thoroughly. Immunity is influenced by the tumor, its microenvironment, and patient's characteristic and environmental factors. These elements control the strength and duration of antitumor response. Immunotherapeutic response may be more significant and may even last for years in case of hot tumors, while in most of the cases immunotherapy is not so effective in poorly immunogenic cold tumors. Combined therapies potentially increase efficiency. In our article T-cell activation phases of antitumor immune response, possible defects, their consequences and the potentially effective therapeutic opportunities are summarized shortly. Combined immunotherapy is a novel, promising possibility for modern oncology.