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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer NSCLC Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
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Exosomal MiRNAs in Pediatric Cancers.

Angela Galardi1, Marta Colletti2, Virginia Di Paolo3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy. angela.galardi@opbg.net.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for pediatric cancers. This review highlights their potential for diagnosing and monitoring various childhood tumors, offering an alternative to invasive procedures.

Keywords:
biomarkersexosomesmiRNAspediatric cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene regulators with aberrant expression in pediatric cancers.
  • Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles facilitating intercellular communication and transporting miRNAs.
  • Exosomal miRNAs offer potential as non-invasive biomarkers in biological fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in pediatric cancers.
  • To discuss the diagnostic and monitoring potential of these biomarkers.
  • To cover a range of pediatric malignancies including neuroblastoma, sarcomas, brain tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on exosomal miRNAs in pediatric oncology.
  • Analysis of evidence for biomarker potential in various childhood cancers.
  • Synthesis of findings related to exosomal miRNA detection and application.

Main Results:

  • Exosomal miRNAs are identified as promising biomarkers across diverse pediatric cancers.
  • Their presence in easily accessible biological fluids supports liquid biopsy applications.
  • Evidence suggests utility in diagnosing and monitoring cancer progression and treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal miRNAs represent a significant advancement in pediatric cancer biomarker research.
  • Liquid biopsy using exosomal miRNAs could reduce the need for invasive procedures in children.
  • Further research is warranted to fully establish their clinical utility in pediatric oncology.