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Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
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Trisomy 13 mosaicism.

Francisco Cammarata-Scalisi1, Dianora Araque1, Rosmary Ramírez2

  • 1Unidad de Genética Médica, Departamento de Puericultura y Pediatría, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida.

Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
|September 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Trisomy 13 mosaicism, a rare genetic condition, presents varied symptoms. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary care are crucial for managing this chromosomal alteration.

Keywords:
Asesoramiento genéticoClinicalClínicaDiagnóstico prenatalGenetic counselingMosaicismMosaicismoPrenatal diagnosisTrisomy 13Trisomía 13

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Trisomy 13 is a chromosomal alteration affecting 1 in 10,000–20,000 births.
  • It manifests as complete, partial, or mosaic forms, with mosaicism accounting for 5% of cases.
  • Clinical presentation varies widely, from severe malformations to normal development.

Observation:

  • This report details the clinical and cytogenetic findings of two novel cases of trisomy 13 mosaicism.
  • The cases illustrate the diverse phenotypic spectrum associated with this condition.

Findings:

  • Mosaic trisomy 13 can result in a broad range of clinical outcomes.
  • Accurate cytogenetic analysis is essential for diagnosing mosaic forms.

Implications:

  • Highlights the critical role of prenatal diagnosis in identifying trisomy 13 mosaicism.
  • Emphasizes the need for comprehensive, interdisciplinary medical evaluation and genetic counseling for affected individuals and families.