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Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
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In Vitro Models, Standards, and Experimental Methods for Tobacco Products
T Aghaloo1, J J Kim2, T Gordon3
1Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Advances in Dental Research
|September 21, 2019
Summary
New tobacco products like e-cigarettes pose unknown oral health risks. Research methods are needed to study these risks, as current approaches primarily focus on respiratory effects.
Area of Science:
- Oral health research
- Tobacco product toxicology
Background:
- Traditional tobacco use causes significant oral and systemic health issues, including cancer and periodontal disease.
- Cigarette smoking has declined, but novel tobacco product use, such as electronic cigarettes, is increasing.
- The oral health consequences of electronic cigarettes are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate current in vitro and in vivo research methods for studying the oral effects of new tobacco products.
- To highlight the need for developing new tools to assess the oral sequelae of electronic cigarettes.
- To address the challenges in researching rapidly evolving tobacco product technologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing in vitro toxicologic models and assays for electronic cigarettes, noting their primary focus on respiratory effects.
- Examination of recent in vitro studies exposing 3-dimensional tissue constructs to electronic cigarette aerosol.
- Discussion of the need for standardized in vivo testing, including universal e-cigarette testing machines and standard vaping regimes.
Main Results:
- In vitro studies show electronic cigarette aerosol can impact cell viability and inflammatory cytokine expression in oral tissue constructs.
- Development of standardized research electronic cigarettes and devices with varying nicotine concentrations is emerging.
- Keeping pace with new product development and technological advancements in the industry presents a significant research challenge.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need to develop and refine research methodologies for evaluating the oral health impacts of electronic cigarettes and other novel tobacco products.
- Standardized testing protocols and devices are essential for consistent and reliable in vivo research.
- Continued research is necessary to understand and mitigate the potential oral health risks associated with emerging tobacco product use.
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