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Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin

George Anderson1

  • 1CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|September 21, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Migraine pathophysiology may involve gut dysbiosis, altered melatonin levels, and impaired mitochondrial function. These factors contribute to heightened brain excitation and vasoregulatory changes, suggesting new treatment avenues like sodium butyrate and melatonin.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic research

Background:

  • The exact pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine remain largely unknown.
  • Existing research presents disparate data on migraine's biological underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing data on the biological basis of migraine.
  • To propose an integrated framework for understanding migraine's complex mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of scientific literature on migraine.
  • Integration of diverse data sets to form a cohesive biological framework.

Main Results:

  • Gut dysbiosis, particularly reduced butyrate production, is linked to migraine.
  • Decreased melatonin availability and an increased N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio contribute to glutamatergic hyperactivity.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation impact astrocytes and glial cells, affecting vasoregulation and nociception.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework integrates known migraine factors (e.g., CGRP, serotonin) with broader developmental aspects.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies include the clinical use of sodium butyrate and melatonin for migraine management.
Keywords:
Migraineastrocytebutyrategutmelatoninmicrobiomesatellite glial cellstresstreatmentvasoregulation.

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