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Related Concept Videos

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
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Germ Cell Transplantation and Testis Tissue Xenografting in Mice
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Rebuilding the human testis in vitro.

E Oliver1, J-B Stukenborg1

  • 1NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.

Andrology
|September 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Male infertility is rising, necessitating better models. Current in vitro systems struggle to fully replicate the human testis microenvironment for complete spermatogenesis and sperm production.

Keywords:
Leydig cellsSertoli cellsfertility preservationspermatogenesisspermatogonial stem cellstestis

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Andrology
  • Infertility Research

Background:

  • Rising male infertility rates underscore the need for advanced research models.
  • The testis microenvironment is crucial for spermatogenesis and hormone production.
  • Disruptions in the testis's organized microenvironment can cause infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current in vitro systems for modeling the human testis microenvironment.
  • To assess the progression of spermatogenesis in these models.
  • To evaluate the recapitulation of the testis microenvironment in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing in vitro models of the human testis.
  • Analysis of systems focusing on spermatogenesis progression.
  • Evaluation of models' ability to replicate the testis microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • No current in vitro system fully supports complete spermatogenesis.
  • Existing models show varying success in recapitulating testis microenvironment features.
  • Challenges remain in achieving fertilization-competent human spermatozoa in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Robust in vitro models are essential for understanding male infertility.
  • Further development is needed to achieve full spermatogenesis in vitro.
  • Improved models will advance research into male reproductive health.