An Adaptive Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Dim and Small Photoelectric GSO Debris

Area of Science:

• Space Science and Engineering
• Astrodynamics and Orbital Mechanics
• Remote Sensing Technology

Background:

• Geosynchronous orbit (GSO) is critical for various satellite applications but faces threats from space debris.
• Traditional radar detection methods are limited for GSO debris due to power and distance constraints.
• Photoelectric detection is emerging as a primary method for GSO debris surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an adaptive, real-time algorithm for detecting space debris in GSO using CCD images.
• To improve the safety of spacecraft operating in the GSO environment by enabling timely debris detection.
• To address the limitations of existing detection methods for dim and non-geostationary debris.

Main Methods:

• An adaptive fast image registration algorithm and an enhanced dilation difference algorithm were developed.
• Mathematical morphology, threshold segmentation, and a global nearest neighbor (GNN) multi-target tracking algorithm were integrated.
• The approach focuses on background suppression, image registration, suspected target extraction, and multi-target tracking.

Main Results:

• The algorithm successfully detects dim geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and non-GEO debris in the GSO belt.
• Stable and efficient detection of space debris was achieved with measured data.
• The processing speed meets real-time requirements, demonstrating strong adaptive capabilities.

Conclusions:

• The proposed algorithm offers a stable, efficient, and adaptive solution for real-time GSO debris detection.
• It has significant practical application value for enhancing space situational awareness and collision avoidance.
• The photoelectric detection method, enhanced by this algorithm, is crucial for safeguarding GSO assets.