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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...

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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Published on: July 3, 2015

Spin current generation in organic antiferromagnets.

Makoto Naka¹, Satoru Hayami², Hiroaki Kusunose³

¹Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. naka@aoni.waseda.jp.

Nature Communications

|September 22, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Organic antiferromagnets can generate spin currents without charge flow, offering a new path for spintronics. This discovery bypasses the need for heavy atoms and spin-orbit coupling, enabling efficient spin current generation in organic materials.

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Area of Science:

Spintronics
Organic electronics
Materials science

Background:

Spin current, a flow of electron spins without charge, is ideal for low-heating electronic devices.
The spin Hall effect in heavy inorganic materials is the conventional method for generating spin currents.
Organic materials with light elements were previously considered unsuitable for spin current generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate spin current generation in organic antiferromagnets.
To explore alternative methods for spin current generation beyond the spin Hall effect.
To investigate the potential of organic magnets in spintronics.

Main Methods:

Utilizing organic antiferromagnets with checker-plate molecular arrangements.
Applying thermal gradients to induce spin current.
Applying electric fields to induce spin current.

Main Results:

Organic antiferromagnets successfully generated spin currents.
Spin current generation was achieved even with negligible spin-orbit coupling.
The process was driven by thermal gradients or electric fields.

Conclusions:

Organic antiferromagnets offer a novel route for spin current generation.
This approach provides an alternative to the conventional spin Hall effect.
Organic spintronics is a promising new field leveraging organic magnets' advantages like low spin scattering and long spin lifetimes.