Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
Generic and psychological patient-reported deficits in those with chronic ankle instability: A cross sectional study
Erik A Wikstrom1, Kyeongtak Song1
1MOTION Science Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Objectives:
To quantify differences in generic and psychological patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between those with CAI and uninjured controls. To determine associations between generic and psychological PROs, in those with CAI, to regional PROs and injury history characteristics.
Design:
Cross-sectional, descriptive.
Setting:
Sport Medicine Research Laboratory.
Participants:
Included 45 individuals with CAI and 45 uninjured controls. CAI was defined based on the recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium.
Main Outcome Measures:
Two regional PROs (e.g. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure), and several generic and psychological PROs (e.g. SF-36, select PROMIS short forms, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire).
Results:
Those with CAI had worse scores, relative to controls, in PROs related to regional function, generic physical function, pain, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and injury related fear. The number of giving way episodes, CAI severity, and regional PROs associated with generic physical function scales as well as a pain scale.
Conclusions:
Select generic physical function and psychological scales can detect differences between those with and without CAI. Specific injury history characteristics and regional PROs associate with generic and psychological PROs.
