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Food Insecurity is Associated with Objectively Measured Sleep Problems.

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Food insecurity (FI) is linked to poorer sleep duration, efficiency, and quality in adults. Addressing FI may improve sleep health in low-income populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Food insecurity (FI) is a significant stressor that can negatively impact sleep patterns.
  • This study is the first to investigate the relationship between FI and both objective (actigraphy) and subjective (diary) sleep measures.
  • Low-income populations are disproportionately affected by FI and sleep disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between food insecurity and objectively and subjectively measured sleep outcomes in adults.
  • To explore psychological distress as a potential mediator in the relationship between FI and sleep quality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a validated 10-item survey to assess FI in 785 adults from low-income neighborhoods.
  • Employed actigraphy to measure sleep duration, efficiency, wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep duration variability.
  • Assessed subjective sleep quality using sleep diaries and analyzed sleep outcomes as a function of FI, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Increased FI was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration (approx. 24 minutes less), poorer sleep efficiency, and lower subjective sleep quality.
  • Greater FI correlated with a higher likelihood of both short (<7 hours) and long (>9 hours) sleep durations.
  • Psychological distress partially mediated the link between FI and subjective sleep quality.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity is demonstrably linked to adverse sleep outcomes in adults.
  • Mitigating food insecurity presents a potential avenue for enhancing sleep health, particularly within vulnerable, low-income populations.
  • Further research into interventions targeting FI for sleep improvement is warranted.