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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects
07:32

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Tactile Image Sensors Employing Camera: A Review.

Kazuhiro Shimonomura1

  • 1Department of Robotics, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan. skazu@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews camera-based tactile image sensors, detailing their sensing principles, designs, and configurations. These sensors capture high-resolution tactile data, finding recent applications in robotics.

Keywords:
cameracontact detectionforce sensingimage sensortactile perceptiontactile sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Sensor Technology
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Tactile image sensors have a long research history, with over 30 years of studies.
  • Recent advancements have led to their application in robotics for enhanced interaction.
  • Existing sensors utilize diverse methods for converting physical contact into light signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey the existing literature on camera-based tactile image sensors.
  • To provide an overview of their sensing principles, typical designs, and variations.
  • To highlight key components like optical systems and image analysis algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Categorization of tactile image sensors based on signal conversion methods.
  • Analysis of sensor configurations, optical systems, and post-image processing.

Main Results:

  • Tactile image sensors using cameras offer rich tactile information with high spatial resolution.
  • Three primary categories of tactile image sensors exist: light conductive plate-based, marker displacement-based, and reflective membrane-based.
  • Development of crucial components like optical systems, image sensors, and post-image analysis algorithms.

Conclusions:

  • Camera-based tactile image sensors are a mature technology with significant potential in robotics.
  • Understanding the variations in sensor configuration and sensing principles is key to their effective application.
  • Further development in optical systems and image analysis will enhance tactile sensing capabilities.