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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Ultralow-threshold, continuous-wave upconverting lasing from subwavelength plasmons.

Angel Fernandez-Bravo¹, Danqing Wang², Edward S Barnard¹

¹The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Nature Materials

|September 25, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed continuous-wave upconverting lasers operating at room temperature. These subwavelength plasmon lasers achieve record-low thresholds and high photostability for nanoscale light generation.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Miniaturized lasers are crucial for quantum photonics, imaging, and sensing.
Plasmonic nanocavities offer subwavelength light generation but face gain/stability challenges.
Continuous-wave, room-temperature operation is vital for device integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate continuous-wave upconverting lasing at room temperature with low thresholds.
To overcome limitations of previous nanoscale lasers regarding stability and operational conditions.
To explore applications of subwavelength plasmon lasers in coherent nanoscale light generation.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of silver nanopillar arrays conformally coated with Yb3+/Er3+-co-doped upconverting nanoparticles.
Utilizing a single, sharp lattice plasmon cavity mode for enhanced light confinement.
Characterizing lasing performance under near-infrared pumping, focusing on threshold, stability, and mode selectivity.

Main Results:

Achieved continuous-wave upconverting lasing at room temperature with a record-low threshold of 70 W cm⁻².
Demonstrated high photostability, with stable output for over six hours.
Obtained selective, single-mode lasing with subwavelength field confinement (λ/20 vertical).

Conclusions:

The developed plasmon-nanoarray upconverting lasers overcome previous limitations in nanoscale laser technology.
These lasers offer directional, ultra-stable visible light output under near-infrared pumping.
The technology presents new possibilities for applications requiring coherent nanoscale light sources.