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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Autoimmunity (or Not) in Atopic Dermatitis.

Lennart M Roesner1, Thomas Werfel1

  • 1Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) involves skin barrier issues and immune responses to allergens. This review explores "autoallergy," or immune reactions to self-proteins, and its potential role in chronic AD development.

Keywords:
IgET cellallergyatopic dermatitis (AD)autoallergyautoimmunityautoreactivityskin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by a compromised skin barrier and immune overreactions to environmental allergens.
  • AD often begins in childhood, persists into adulthood in a significant portion of patients, and is associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.
  • Early observations noted immune reactions to self-proteins in AD patients, termed 'autoallergy,' distinct from traditional autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and current perspectives on autoallergy in atopic dermatitis.
  • To evaluate the potential contribution of autoallergy to the chronification and immune response modulation in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating immune responses to self-proteins in atopic dermatitis.
  • Analysis of the concept of autoallergy and its proposed role in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Autoallergy, characterized by IgE-mediated reactivity to self-proteins, has been observed in AD patients.
  • The precise impact of autoallergy is challenging to ascertain due to concurrent hypersensitivity to environmental allergens.
  • Any level of autoreactivity may contribute to disease chronification and shape the overall immune response in AD.

Conclusions:

  • Autoallergy remains a debated aspect of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully understand the role of immune responses to self-proteins in AD.
  • Autoallergy may play a role in the long-term course and immune dysregulation seen in atopic dermatitis.