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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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Metabolic reprogramming in osteoclasts.

Kyung-Hyun Park-Min1,2,3

  • 1Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. ParkminK@hss.edu.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoclast metabolism fuels bone remodeling and resorption. Understanding diverse metabolic pathways, beyond oxidative phosphorylation, offers new therapeutic targets for bone disorders like osteoporosis.

Keywords:
Metabolic reprogrammingMetabolismOsteoclasts

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Pathways
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Osteoclasts are crucial for bone remodeling; their dysfunction causes diseases like osteoporosis.
  • Osteoclast differentiation involves significant metabolic reprogramming to support cellular functions.
  • Metabolic pathways are essential for osteoclast energy demands and bone resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted metabolic landscape of osteoclasts.
  • To highlight the interconnectedness of various metabolic pathways in osteoclast biology.
  • To underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting osteoclast metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on osteoclast metabolism.
  • Analysis of key metabolic pathways including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid metabolism.
  • Examination of the role of metabolic reprogramming in osteoclast differentiation and function.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic reprogramming is integral to osteoclast differentiation and mature function.
  • Oxidative phosphorylation is a key energy source, but other pathways like glycolysis are also vital.
  • Interconnectedness of metabolic pathways influences osteoclast activity.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of osteoclast metabolism is critical for bone health.
  • Targeting metabolic reprogramming in osteoclasts shows promise for treating bone pathologies.
  • Further research into osteoclast metabolic regulation can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for human bone disorders.