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Related Concept Videos

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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Characterising porosity in platinum nanoparticles.

Wenmiao Yu1, Christopher Batchelor-McAuley, Yi-Chi Wang

  • 1Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. Christopher.Batchelor-McAuley@chem.ox.ac.uk Richard.Compton@chem.ox.ac.uk.

Nanoscale
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Determining the surface area of catalytic nanoparticles like platinum is difficult. New methods show electrocatalytic surface area is significantly larger than STEM measurements, highlighting nanoscale roughness importance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Accurate surface area determination of catalytic nanoparticles is crucial but challenging.
  • Conventional methods like BET are often infeasible for nanoparticle suspensions.
  • Platinum nanoparticles exhibit complex porous aggregate structures, complicating surface area measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare single nanoparticle electrochemistry with 3D electron tomography and 2D HAADF-STEM.
  • To gain insights into the porosity and chemically accessible surface area of platinum nanoparticles.
  • To accurately quantify the true surface area of catalytic nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Single nanoparticle electrochemistry.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography.
  • Quantitative 2D high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

Main Results:

  • Good quantitative agreement between 2D and 3D STEM for morphology, density, and size distribution.
  • Both 3D STEM and electrochemical methods quantify surface area.
  • Electrocatalytic surface area was 2.8 times larger than STEM-measured area.

Conclusions:

  • STEM provides accurate morphology and size data for platinum nanoparticles.
  • Electrochemical methods reveal a larger accessible surface area due to nanoscale roughness.
  • Atomic-scale surface structure significantly contributes to the total catalytic surface area.