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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses
Published on: March 8, 2024
Cytokine Milieu in Infectious Disease: A Sword or a Boon?
Bhavnita Soni1, Shailza Singh1
1Department of Pathogenesis and Cellular Response, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.
Abstract:
Cytokines have a myriad role in an infectious disease, whether being pathogenic, bacterial, or viral. All proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine biological function are dependent on its concentration, followed by combination with the other cytokines and the stage of the disease. Plasticity in switching off from one phenotype to the other of these regulatory mediators in congruence with the traditional concept of inhibitory and stimulatory effects on immune system is dealt with. This review highlights the dual functionality of some of these cytokines and cytokine-based immunotherapy.
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