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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Input-output relations in Hebrew verb acquisition at the morpho-lexical interface.

Orit Ashkenazi1, Steven Gillis2, Dorit Ravid1

  • 1Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Journal of Child Language
|September 27, 2019
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Summary

Early Hebrew verb acquisition shows that child-directed speech (CDS) and child speech (CS) patterns correlate in verb learning. Lexical and grammatical growth are closely linked, supported by parental input.

Keywords:
CDS–CS relationsHebrewlexiconmorphologyverb acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Early language acquisition involves complex interactions between parental input and child speech.
  • Hebrew verb morphology presents a unique system for studying inflectional and derivational processes in child language.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between child-directed speech (CDS) and child speech (CS) in early Hebrew verb acquisition.
  • To analyze the interplay between inflectional and derivational verb learning in toddlers.
  • To explore the morphological orientation of early lexical learning in Hebrew.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of dense dyadic interactions between two Hebrew-speaking toddlers (1;8-2;2) and their parents.
  • Corpus-based examination of verb acquisition, focusing on structural root categories and their components (roots, binyan conjugations, derivational verb families).
  • Measurement of input-output relations using Mean Subjective Probability (MSP) to assess lexical-derivational and inflectional development.

Main Results:

  • Correlated patterns were found within and between CDS and CS corpora regarding verbs, root categories, and their components.
  • Clear relationships emerged between lexical-derivational development and inflectional growth, as indicated by MSP.
  • Both corpora exhibited few, but semantically coherent, derivational families, suggesting a morphologically oriented learning process.

Conclusions:

  • Early Hebrew verb learning is morphologically oriented, with inflectional and derivational processes mutually supporting verb lexicon development.
  • Findings underscore the close relationship between parental input (CDS) and child speech (CS).
  • The study highlights the affinity between lexical and grammatical development in early language acquisition.