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Gigantic jet discharges evolve stepwise through the middle atmosphere.

Oscar A van der Velde1, Joan Montanyà2, Jesús A López2

  • 1Lightning Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, Colon 1, Terrassa, 08222, Spain. oscar.van.der.velde@upc.edu.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Gigantic jets, rare upward lightning, were captured by high-speed video. Researchers observed luminous steps and a bipolar jump to the ionosphere, revealing new details about these massive electrical discharges.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric physics
  • Aerospace science
  • Electrical engineering

Background:

  • Gigantic jets are powerful electrical discharges extending from tropical thunderstorms to the ionosphere.
  • Previous observations were limited, lacking high-speed temporal resolution.
  • Understanding these phenomena is crucial for atmospheric electricity research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To capture and analyze gigantic jets with unprecedented temporal resolution.
  • To elucidate the detailed structure and progression of gigantic jets.
  • To correlate optical and magnetic field data with gigantic jet events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-speed video cameras with temporal resolution up to 200 µs.
  • Recorded four gigantic jet events in Colombia.
  • Integrated data from optical sensors and magnetic field measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed luminous steps between 32-40 km altitude during the jets' ascent.
  • Documented a continuous, bidirectional (bipolar) jump of negative streamers to the ionosphere.
  • Characterized the trailing jet's lower current density compared to lightning leaders.
  • Unambiguously matched magnetic field signals and Geostationary Lightning Mapper data to the final jump process.

Conclusions:

  • High-speed imaging reveals intricate steps in gigantic jet development.
  • The final jump phase is a key, bipolar process connecting thunderstorms to the ionosphere.
  • Combined optical and magnetic data provide a comprehensive understanding of gigantic jet dynamics.