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Saving Old Bones: a non-destructive method for bone collagen prescreening.

Matt Sponheimer1, Christina M Ryder2, Helen Fewlass3

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|September 28, 2019
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Summary
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Near-infrared spectroscopy can quickly and non-destructively assess bone collagen preservation for radiocarbon and paleoproteomic analyses. This method is comparable to existing techniques, saving time and resources in archaeological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeological Science
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Bone collagen is crucial for radiocarbon, paleodietary, and paleoproteomic analyses.
  • Collagen degradation over time and site variability complicates ancient bone analysis.
  • Current collagen prescreening methods are often destructive or require sample exportation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) for assessing bone collagen content and preservation.
  • To compare NIRs effectiveness against established prescreening techniques.
  • To determine if NIRs can be used on both ground and whole bone samples.

Main Methods:

  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) was applied to bone samples aged 500 to 45,000 years.
  • Spectra were acquired using a portable spectrometer.
  • Collagen content and preservation status were quantified and classified.

Main Results:

  • NIRs accurately quantified collagen content in ancient bone.
  • The method effectively classified bone preservation status.
  • NIRs performance was comparable to traditional methods like %N, microporosity, and FTIR.
  • Spectra acquisition was rapid (seconds) and non-destructive.

Conclusions:

  • Near-infrared spectroscopy is a viable, non-destructive tool for prescreening bone collagen preservation.
  • This technique offers a rapid and efficient alternative to current destructive methods.
  • NIRs can improve the workflow and reduce costs in paleoproteomic and radiocarbon dating studies.