A Comparative 3D Finite Element Computational Study of Three Connections

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Mechanical Engineering

Background:

• Masticatory overload is a known cause of marginal bone resorption around dental implants.
• The design of the implant-abutment connection (IAC) significantly influences stress distribution and implant longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the mechanical behavior of three different implant-abutment connection designs.
• To compare stress distribution patterns under static forces using finite element analysis.

Main Methods:

• Three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) analysis was employed.
• Two internal conical connection designs (models A and B) and one internal flat-to-flat connection design (model C) were simulated.
• Strain maps, stress analysis, and safety factors were assessed.

Main Results:

• Model B (conical connection) demonstrated more homogeneous stress distribution, reducing peak forces.
• In model B, forces were transmitted to the abutment and implant neck.
• Models A and C showed force distribution along the internal screw, abutment, and implant neck.

Conclusions:

• The conical head of the internal screw in model B plays a key role in force transfer to surrounding structures.
• Model B's IAC design appears superior in managing stress distribution, potentially mitigating bone resorption.
• Further experimental validation is recommended to confirm these findings.