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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

249
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
249
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

195
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
195
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

214
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
214
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

257
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
257
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

258
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
258

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Pediatric Migraine: An Update.

Kaitlin Greene1, Samantha L Irwin1, Amy A Gelfand1

  • 1Department of Neurology, UCSF Pediatric Headache Center, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Mission Hall Box 0137, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|September 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article details diagnosing and treating pediatric migraine, focusing on history taking and recognizing associated conditions. It covers acute treatments like analgesics and FDA-approved triptans, plus preventive strategies including lifestyle changes and medications.

Keywords:
AdolescentsChildrenHeadacheMigrainePediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder in children and adolescents.
  • Accurate diagnosis and effective management are crucial for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of migraine diagnosis and treatment in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight essential clinical techniques for history taking and recognizing comorbid conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for pediatric migraine.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis in children and adolescents.
  • Discussion of evidence-based acute and preventive treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Optimized history-taking techniques are vital for accurate pediatric migraine diagnosis.
  • Recognition of episodic conditions associated with migraine in childhood is important.
  • FDA-approved acute treatments include analgesics and triptans; preventive strategies involve lifestyle, behavioral, and pharmacological approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Effective migraine management in children and adolescents requires a tailored approach.
  • A combination of acute and preventive strategies, prioritizing safety and efficacy, is recommended.
  • Clinicians should be adept at diagnosing migraine and managing associated conditions in this age group.