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Conflicts - Oil Exploration and Water
Nenibarini Zabbey1, Gustaf Olsson2
1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture University of Port Harcourt PMB 5323, East-West Road Choba Rivers State Nigeria.
Global Challenges (Hoboken, NJ)
|October 1, 2019
Summary
Oil exploration and use pose significant risks to water resources and quality, impacting ecosystems and economies. Mitigating these risks is crucial, especially with increasing water stress from climate change and population growth.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Water Resource Management
- Petroleum Engineering
Background:
- Water resources and quality are intrinsically linked to the oil industry lifecycle, from exploration to distribution.
- Global reliance on oil for transport energy (over 90%) underscores the inherent risks to water systems.
- Climate change and population increase exacerbate water stress, intensifying environmental risks from oil operations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively discuss water-related risks associated with oil exploration, refining, and distribution.
- To analyze both routine operational impacts and accidental contamination events.
- To examine ecological, social, and economic consequences and explore risk mitigation strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of water use and pollution during normal oil operations.
- Analysis of contamination from major oil spills and accidents.
- Examination of ecological effects on marine and freshwater environments.
- Assessment of social and economic impacts.
- Identification of potential risk mitigation measures.
Main Results:
- Oil operations present inherent risks to water resources through normal use and pollution.
- Accidental oil spills cause significant contamination of water bodies and harm marine life.
- Ecological damage extends to both seawater and freshwater ecosystems.
- Accidents are frequently linked to human error or negligence.
- Social and economic consequences of oil contamination are substantial.
Conclusions:
- Oil production and consumption present multifaceted risks to water resources beyond climate change concerns.
- Understanding and addressing water-related risks are essential for sustainable resource management.
- Mitigation strategies are necessary to reduce the likelihood and impact of oil leakages.
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