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Related Concept Videos

Filtration00:53

Filtration

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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

A Small Volume Procedure for Viral Concentration from Water
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High-Performance Virus Removal Filter Paper for Drinking Water Purification.

Olof Gustafsson1, Levon Manukyan1, Albert Mihranyan1

  • 1Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University Box 534 ,751 21 Uppsala Sweden.

Global Challenges (Hoboken, NJ)
|October 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nanocellulose filter papers efficiently remove viruses from wastewater, offering a sustainable solution for drinking water purification. This technology achieves high removal rates at relevant flow rates with minimal fouling.

Keywords:
Cladophora sp. algae cellulosedrinking watermille‐feuille filternanocellulosewater purification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Access to safe drinking water is a critical global challenge.
  • Wastewater contains various contaminants, including viruses, necessitating effective purification methods.
  • Nanocellulose materials show potential for advanced filtration applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the virus removal efficiency of nanocellulose-based filter papers.
  • To assess the performance of these filters in a simulated wastewater matrix.
  • To determine the suitability of nanocellulose filters for drinking water purification.

Main Methods:

  • Filtration experiments using simulated wastewater (SWW) with varying total suspended solids (TSS).
  • Spiking tests with surrogate latex particles (30 nm) and bacteriophages (28 nm).
  • Evaluation of nanocellulose filter papers (9 and 29 µm thickness) at different pressures (1 and 3 bar).

Main Results:

  • Achieved high virus removal efficiency (99.9980-99.9995%) for small viruses.
  • Demonstrated efficient filtration at industrially relevant flow rates (60-500 L m⁻² h⁻¹).
  • Observed low fouling (Vmax > 10³-10⁴ L m⁻²), indicating filter durability.

Conclusions:

  • 100% nanocellulose filter paper effectively removes viruses from wastewater.
  • The developed filter paper shows promise for affordable and sustainable water purification systems.
  • This technology offers a robust solution for improving global access to safe drinking water.