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Ultrastretchable Conductive Elastomers with a Low Percolation Threshold for Printed Soft Electronics.

Hongye Sun¹, Zongyou Han¹, Norbert Willenbacher¹

¹Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|October 1, 2019

Summary

Researchers developed ultrastretchable conductors for soft electronics by adding a secondary fluid to silver-filled inks. This method enhances conductivity and stretchability while significantly reducing silver usage.

Keywords:

capillary suspension conductive elastomers deformable wirings soft electronics stretchable sensor

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Soft electronics require highly conductive and stretchable materials, a combination that is difficult to achieve with traditional elastomer-filler composites.
Existing methods often face challenges in balancing electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability, limiting their application in advanced electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a versatile strategy for producing ultrastretchable conductors with high electrical conductivity.
To overcome the limitations of current conductive elastomers by enhancing both conductivity and stretchability while reducing material costs.

Main Methods:

A generic strategy involving the addition of small amounts of immiscible secondary fluid into silver (Ag)-filled inks.
Utilizing capillary forces in ternary systems to induce self-assembly of conductive particle networks.
Formulating inks with silver-filled polydimethylsiloxane and silver-filled thermoplastic polyurethane.

Main Results:

Achieved ultrastretchable conductors with conductivity >10^3 S/cm and stretchability >1600%.
Demonstrated a low percolation threshold (6-7 vol %) for silver networks, reducing silver consumption by over 2/3.
Exhibited superior cyclic durability in Ag-filled polydimethylsiloxane and unprecedented reversibility in Ag-filled thermoplastic polyurethane.
Successfully 3D-printed patterned strain sensors and conductive wirings.

Conclusions:

The developed strategy offers a versatile and efficient method for creating advanced stretchable conductors.
This approach significantly improves material performance and reduces reliance on expensive conductive fillers.
The technology holds promise for the practical realization of next-generation soft electronics and wearable devices.