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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Wideband microwave electro-optic image rejection mixer.

Steven T Lipkowitz, Timothy U Horton, Thomas E Murphy

    Optics Letters
    |October 1, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an electro-optic downconverting mixer that effectively rejects image signals. The novel design achieves over 40 dB image rejection, crucial for advanced optical communication systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Optical mixers are essential components in coherent receivers for downconverting optical signals.
    • Image frequency interference degrades receiver performance in optical downconversion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an electro-optic downconverting mixer with integrated image rejection capabilities.
    • To demonstrate high image rejection ratios for improved optical receiver performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) for optical carrier modulation with signal and local oscillator.
    • Employed an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) for optical spectrum filtering into separate ports.
    • Generated quadrature photocurrents controlled by DD-MZM DC bias and combined them using a 90-degree electrical hybrid.

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    Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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    Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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    Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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    Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    Main Results:

    • Achieved over 40 dB of image rejection.
    • Demonstrated a 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 20 GHz, limited by the AMZI free spectral range.
    • Successfully downconverted a 1 Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) signal despite a strong interfering image tone.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed electro-optic mixer effectively suppresses image frequencies.
    • This technology offers a promising solution for high-performance optical receivers in demanding communication environments.
    • The demonstrated image rejection is critical for mitigating interference in future optical systems.