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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers
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Intraoperative cone-beam CT spatial priors for diffuse optical fluorescence tomography.

M J Daly1,2, H Chan2, N Muhanna2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|October 2, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hybrid system combines cone-beam CT (CBCT) and fluorescence tomography (FT) for real-time surgical guidance. This integrated approach significantly improves the accuracy of visualizing fluorescent markers, enhancing surgical precision.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Optics
  • Surgical Navigation

Background:

  • Intraoperative imaging is crucial for surgical accuracy.
  • Current methods may lack sufficient anatomical and functional detail simultaneously.
  • Fluorescence tomography (FT) offers functional information, while cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides anatomical context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a hybrid intraoperative imaging system integrating CBCT and continuous-wave FT.
  • To leverage CBCT-derived structural data for improved FT reconstruction accuracy.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability for concurrent anatomical and functional delineation in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid system combining CBCT and FT was developed within an image-guidance framework.
  • CBCT data generated tetrahedral meshes for finite element method-based FT (NIRFAST).
  • Laplacian-type regularization ('soft spatial priors') incorporated CBCT structural data into optical reconstruction; dynamic non-contact geometry was achieved using a stereoscopic optical tracker.

Main Results:

  • Soft-prior approach demonstrated robustness against segmentation uncertainties in simulations.
  • Experiments with indocyanine green (ICG) phantoms showed reduced fluorophore yield errors (<20% with spatial priors vs. 85% without).
  • In vivo rabbit VX2-tumor model showed concurrent anatomical and functional delineation of contrast enhancement using fused CBCT and FT reconstructions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hybrid CBCT-FT system enables accurate, integrated anatomical and functional imaging during surgery.
  • Incorporating CBCT structural priors significantly enhances the quantification accuracy of fluorescence tomography.
  • This technology shows promise for clinical translation in image-guided surgery, particularly for head and neck procedures.