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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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Lyme Disease and Anesthesia Considerations.

Tammy Smit1

  • 1is a clinical nurse anesthetist, Huguley Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas. She is a graduate of Texas Wesleyan School of Nurse Anesthesia. She is a professional speaker.

AANA Journal
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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This review examines Lyme disease, a common tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia bacteria. It covers epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and crucial anesthetic considerations for this emerging infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Lyme disease is a significant public health concern in the United States, ranking as the fifth most common nationally notifiable disease.
  • It is the most frequently reported vector-borne illness, transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis tick (deer tick/blacklegged tick).
  • The causative agent is Borrelia bacteria, leading to an emerging infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease.
  • To specifically focus on the anesthetic implications associated with Lyme disease infection.
  • To provide an updated overview for clinicians managing patients with Lyme disease.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
CarditisLyme diseasetick

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  • Systematic literature review of epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of clinical case reports and series regarding presentation and diagnosis.
  • Review of current treatment guidelines and anesthetic management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Lyme disease incidence and geographic distribution are increasing.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
    • Anesthetic management requires careful consideration of potential neurological and cardiac involvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Lyme disease presents a growing challenge in infectious disease management.
    • Understanding anesthetic implications is vital for safe surgical and procedural care in affected patients.
    • Further research into long-term sequelae and optimal anesthetic techniques is warranted.