Nondegenerate bound-state solitons in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate nondegenerate bound-state solitons systematically in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates, through developing the Darboux transformation method to derive exact soliton solutions analytically. In particular, we show that bright solitons with nodes correspond to the excited bound states in effective quantum wells, in sharp contrast to the bright solitons and dark solitons reported before (which usually correspond to ground state and free state, respectively). We further demonstrate that bound-state solitons with nodes are induced by incoherent superposition of solitons in different components. Moreover, we reveal that the interactions between these bound-state solitons are usually inelastic, caused by the incoherent interactions between solitons in different components and the coherent interactions between solitons in the same component. Additionally, the detailed spectral stability analysis demonstrates the stability of nondegenerate bound-state solitons. The bound-state solitons can be used to study many different physical problems, such as beating dynamics, spin-orbit coupling effects, quantum fluctuations, and even quantum entanglement states.