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Updated: Jan 6, 2026
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
Published on: March 29, 2019
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Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England
Kathryn Hughes Barry1,2, Rena R Jones1, Kenneth P Cantor1
1From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|October 3, 2019
Summary
High nitrate levels in drinking water and processed meats are linked to increased bladder cancer risk. Reducing intake of these sources may lower cancer risk.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
- Carcinogenesis
Background:
- N-nitroso compounds are suspected human carcinogens.
- Investigated nitrate and nitrite intake from diet and drinking water in relation to bladder cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between N-nitroso compound precursors (nitrate, nitrite) and bladder cancer risk.
- To evaluate the roles of drinking water and dietary sources in bladder cancer etiology.
Main Methods:
- Case-control study (987 cases, 1,180 controls) using historical water data and food frequency questionnaires.
- Estimated nitrate/nitrite intake from drinking water and diet.
- Logistic regression used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).
Main Results:
- Elevated drinking water nitrate concentration (>2.07 mg/L) associated with increased bladder cancer risk (OR=1.5).
- Dietary nitrate and nitrite from processed meat showed positive associations with bladder cancer.
- Interactions observed between drinking water nitrate and red/processed meat consumption.
Conclusions:
- Drinking water and dietary nitrate/nitrite are significant risk factors for bladder cancer.
- Findings highlight the importance of both sources in bladder cancer development.
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