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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

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Colloquium: Ionic phenomena in nanoscale pores through 2D materials.

Subin Sahu1, Michael Zwolak1

  • 1Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

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|October 4, 2019
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Two-dimensional (2D) membranes offer novel platforms for ion transport, enabling advanced filtration, sensing, and energy applications. Their unique nanopore physics allows for biomimetic designs and potential quantum phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ion transport through nanopores is crucial for biological processes, sensing, separation, catalysis, and energy storage.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene, MoS2, and hBN are emerging as novel platforms for nanopore applications.
  • The unique physics of ion transport in confined 2D nanopores involves complex many-particle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physics of ion transport through nanopores in 2D materials.
  • To discuss the diverse applications of 2D membranes in filtration, sensing, and energy technologies.
  • To highlight the potential for creating biomimetic pores and observing quantum phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical models describing ion transport in nanopores.
  • Analysis of experimental studies on ion transport in 2D materials.
  • Discussion of simulation results for ionic behavior in 2D nanopores.

Main Results:

  • 2D membranes exhibit unique ion transport characteristics due to strong confinement and material properties.
  • Applications include advanced ion-selective membranes, high-resolution biosensing, and novel energy harvesting devices.
  • Confinement effects can lead to phenomena analogous to quantum conductance.

Conclusions:

  • 2D membranes represent a significant advancement in nanopore technology.
  • Their unique physical properties open new avenues for technological innovation in various fields.
  • Further research into the physics of ion transport in 2D materials will drive future applications.