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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Beyond THC and Endocannabinoids.

Pal Pacher1, Natalya M Kogan2, Raphael Mechoulam2

  • 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA;

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|October 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabidiol (CBD) shows promise in various preclinical disease models, leading to new products. This review critically examines recent research on CBD, endocannabinoids, and related compounds.

Keywords:
anandamidecannabidiolcannabinoid receptorsentourage effectlong-chain fatty acid amides

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The cannabinoid field, including phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids (anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol), their enzymes, and receptors, has seen significant expansion.
  • Cannabidiol (CBD), a Cannabis plant constituent, demonstrates beneficial effects in preclinical models for epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, kidney disease, and cancer.
  • Recent FDA approval of CBD for specific childhood epilepsies has spurred the development of numerous CBD products, often accompanied by exaggerated therapeutic claims.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review recent scientific literature on the chemistry and biological effects of plant cannabinoids, particularly CBD.
  • To provide an overview of endocannabinoids, anandamide-like compounds, and their associated receptors.
  • To contextualize the therapeutic potential and current market landscape of CBD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recently published research.
  • Critical analysis of studies on phytocannabinoids (specifically CBD).
  • Examination of research on endocannabinoids and related compounds, including their synthetic and metabolizing enzymes and receptors.

Main Results:

  • CBD exhibits a broad range of beneficial effects in various preclinical disease models.
  • The discovery of numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds has expanded the understanding of the endocannabinoid system.
  • A critical assessment of current research highlights both the therapeutic promise and the potential for overstated claims regarding CBD products.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research underscores the significant therapeutic potential of CBD across multiple disease areas.
  • A comprehensive understanding of the endocannabinoid system and related compounds is crucial for accurate therapeutic assessment.
  • Further rigorous scientific evaluation is needed to substantiate the efficacy and safety of CBD-based products.