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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization
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Gunshot Airborne Surveillance with Rotary Wing UAV-Embedded Microphone Array.

Felipe Gonçalves Serrenho1, José Antonio Apolinário2, António Luiz Lopes Ramos3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil. felipe.serrenho@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, can accurately estimate shooter positions using muzzle blast sounds and microphone arrays. This technology offers reliable bearing estimates for enhanced surveillance capabilities.

Keywords:
direction of arrival (DoA) estimationgunshot audio surveillancemicrophone arrayrotary wing dronesshooter localizationunmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Robotics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly utilized in diverse applications.
  • Gunshot surveillance systems can benefit from mobile platforms like drones.
  • Acoustic sensing on UAVs faces challenges from propeller noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate UAVs as platforms for gunshot surveillance systems.
  • To investigate direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for shooter localization using muzzle blast sounds.
  • To determine optimal preprocessing and DoA techniques for drone-based acoustic surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing microphone arrays mounted on UAVs for sound acquisition.
  • Applying various direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation algorithms to recorded audio.
  • Employing both simulated and real-world gunshot data, including field recordings.
  • Analyzing the impact of drone positioning on localization accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Successful application of DoA estimation methods to drone-mounted microphone arrays.
  • Identification of optimal preprocessing and DoA techniques for this specific application.
  • Demonstration of high hit rates (approx. 96%) for gunshots recorded within a specific angular region relative to the drone.
  • Validation of reliable bearing estimates achievable with UAV-based acoustic systems.

Conclusions:

  • UAVs provide a viable platform for acoustic gunshot surveillance.
  • Drone positioning is critical for accurate shooter localization.
  • The proposed system demonstrates the potential for reliable bearing estimation using muzzle blast sounds.