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NK/T-cell lymphomas.

Eric Tse1, Yok-Lam Kwong1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology
|October 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nasal and non-nasal lymphomas of Natural Killer/T-cells (NK/T-cell) are EBV-related cancers. Asparaginase-based chemotherapy is the current standard, with immunotherapy showing promise.

Keywords:
AsparaginaseEBVImmunotherapyNK/T-cell lymphomaNasalNon-nasalPD1PET/CT

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphomas are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies.
  • These lymphomas present in nasal, non-nasal (skin, GI tract, testis), or disseminated forms, sometimes with a leukemic phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification, diagnostic evaluation, and current treatment standards for NK/T-cell lymphomas.
  • To discuss the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic criteria and treatment outcomes for NK/T-cell lymphomas.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy regimens, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and emerging immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) and EBV DNA quantification are crucial for initial evaluation.
  • Radiotherapy alone and anthracycline regimens are ineffective; asparaginase-containing regimens are the standard of care.
  • Allogeneic HSCT shows potential for advanced or relapsed disease, while immunotherapy targeting CD30, PD-1, and CD38 is promising.

Conclusions:

  • Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy are recommended for early-stage (I/II) NK/T-cell lymphomas.
  • Asparaginase-based chemotherapy is essential for advanced stages (III/IV).
  • Allogeneic HSCT and novel immunotherapies represent important therapeutic avenues for refractory or relapsed NK/T-cell lymphomas.