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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Tacticity in chiral phononic crystals.

A Bergamini1, M Miniaci2, T Delpero3

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Summary

Researchers introduce tacticity in chiral phononic crystals, enabling materials with identical stiffness and density but distinct dynamic properties for advanced vibrational control.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Traditional crystal models (Haüy-Boscovich) link mass and inertia, leading to stiff, dense materials.
  • Electromagnetism differs from elasticity as mechanical properties don't impede wave propagation.
  • Recent advances use finite-sized atoms to decouple mass and inertia, achieving unusual dynamics without altering stiffness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of tacticity in spin-spin-coupled chiral phononic crystals.
  • To engineer phononic materials with tunable dynamic properties.
  • To demonstrate novel material variants with unique vibrational behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing tacticity as an architectural element in chiral phononic crystals.
  • Investigating the influence of this tacticity on the dispersive behavior of the crystals.
  • Designing and analyzing material variants with controlled mass density and stiffness.

Main Results:

  • Tacticity significantly alters the dispersive properties of chiral phononic crystals.
  • Successfully realized material variants with identical mass density and stiffness.
  • Achieved radically different dynamic properties in these engineered materials.

Conclusions:

  • Tacticity offers a novel pathway to engineer phononic crystals with tailored dynamic responses.
  • This approach allows for the creation of materials with unprecedented control over vibrational properties.
  • The findings open new avenues for designing advanced acoustic and mechanical metamaterials.