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Intellectual profile in school-aged children with borderline intellectual functioning.

Francesca Pulina1, Silvia Lanfranchi1, Lucy Henry2

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Summary

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) affects 14% of children. This study found BIF children have a distinct intellectual profile, with working memory being a key area of weakness compared to typically developing peers.

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Borderline intellectual functioningWISC-IV profileWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is characterized by an IQ between 1-2 standard deviations below the average.
  • BIF affects approximately 14% of the population, yet remains understudied.
  • Understanding the cognitive profile of children with BIF is crucial for targeted educational and psychological support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific intellectual profile of school-aged children diagnosed with borderline intellectual functioning.
  • To compare the cognitive performance of children with BIF to a control group of typically developing children.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) to 204 Italian primary and lower secondary school children with BIF.
  • Compared the WISC-IV results of children with BIF to a control group of typically developing (TD) children.
  • Analyzed differences in performance across the four main factor indices of the WISC-IV.

Main Results:

  • Children with BIF demonstrated significantly lower performance across all WISC-IV measures compared to TD children.
  • A distinct intellectual profile emerged for children with BIF, with the lowest scores observed in working memory.
  • The control group of TD children exhibited a flat WISC-IV profile, consistent with standardization norms. No significant differences were found between children with and without comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the existence of a characteristic intellectual profile associated with borderline intellectual functioning.
  • Working memory appears to be a specific area of cognitive weakness in school-aged children with BIF.
  • These results highlight the need for tailored interventions addressing the specific cognitive challenges faced by individuals with BIF.