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Updated: Jan 6, 2026
Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
Published on: January 21, 2018
Measuring antibiotic levels and their relationship with the microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis
J Siu1, M D Tingle2, R G Douglas1
1Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Background:
The evidence supporting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis is not compelling. A limited number of studies show that the changes in the nasal microbiome in patients following drug therapy are unpredictable and variable. The evidence for the impact of oral antibiotics on the gut microbiota is stronger, possibly as a result of differences in drug distribution to various sites around the body. There are few studies on sinus mucosal and mucus levels of oral antibiotics used in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The distribution dependent effects of antibiotics on the sinonasal microbiome is unclear.
Conclusion:
This review highlights that relative drug concentrations and their efficacy on microbiota at different sites is an important subject for future studies investigating chronic rhinosinusitis.
