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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Traumatic Neck and Skull Base Injuries.

John L Go1, Jay Acharya1, Jasmine C Branchcomb1

  • 1From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif, and LAC+USC Medical Center, 1983 Marengo Street, D and T Tower, Room 3D321, Los Angeles, CA 90033.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|October 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiologists play a critical role in diagnosing subtle skull base and neck injuries. Prompt identification of these traumatic injuries is essential to prevent severe morbidity or mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Blunt and penetrating trauma to the skull base and neck are common emergency department presentations.
  • Life-threatening injuries in these regions are uncommon but can lead to significant morbidity or mortality if misdiagnosed.
  • Radiologists face challenges in identifying subtle injuries due to complex anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of radiologists in diagnosing traumatic injuries to the skull base and neck.
  • To emphasize the potential for severe outcomes if these injuries are not correctly identified.
  • To discuss common imaging modalities and potential injury patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Multisection computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography are frequently utilized.
  • Imaging is performed in the emergency department setting.
  • Focus is on identifying vascular, airway, and visceral injuries.

Main Results:

  • Vascular injuries include dissection, occlusion, pseudoaneurysm, and extravasation, potentially causing stroke or death.
  • Laryngotracheal injuries can lead to airway compromise.
  • Pharyngeal and esophageal injuries may result in perforation.
  • Temporal bone injuries can involve the internal carotid artery or facial nerve, necessitating urgent intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of skull base and neck trauma by radiologists is crucial.
  • Advanced imaging techniques like multisection CT and CT angiography are vital for assessment.
  • Recognition of specific injury patterns is essential to guide surgical or interventional management and prevent adverse outcomes.