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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect.

Oki Gunawan¹, Seong Ryul Pae², Douglas M Bishop³

¹IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA. ogunawa@us.ibm.com.

|October 8, 2019

Summary

A new carrier-resolved photo-Hall technique allows simultaneous measurement of majority and minority charge carriers in semiconductors. This breakthrough simplifies semiconductor device characterization and enhances optoelectronic device development.

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Area of Science:

Semiconductor Physics
Materials Science
Optoelectronics

Background:

Semiconductor device performance relies on fundamental charge carrier parameters (type, density, mobility).
Traditional Hall measurements primarily extract majority carrier properties.
Minority carrier characterization typically requires separate, complex techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a unified technique for simultaneously measuring both majority and minority charge carrier properties.
To extend the capabilities of the classic Hall measurement for comprehensive semiconductor analysis.
To enable simultaneous access to carrier type, density, mobility, recombination lifetime, diffusion length, and recombination coefficient.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a carrier-resolved photo-Hall technique.
Utilizing advances in alternating current (a.c.)-field Hall measurements with a rotating parallel dipole line system.
Application of the equation Δμ_H = d(σ²H)/dσ relating Hall mobility difference, conductivity, and Hall coefficient.

Main Results:

Demonstrated simultaneous extraction of majority and minority carrier parameters.
Successfully applied the technique to various solar absorbers, including lead-iodide-based perovskites.
Mapped carrier parameters against varying light intensities, revealing previously inaccessible information.

Conclusions:

The carrier-resolved photo-Hall technique provides simultaneous access to crucial majority and minority carrier information.
This method overcomes limitations of traditional Hall measurements for minority carriers.
The technique has broad potential applications in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices.