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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Executive functions.

Irene Cristofori1, Shira Cohen-Zimerman2, Jordan Grafman3

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod, Lyon, France; Department of Human Biology, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functions (EFs) are vital cognitive skills for goal achievement and adaptation. Understanding their neural basis and subcomponents aids in developing targeted interventions for recovery after brain injury.

Keywords:
Executive functions (EFs)developmentgeneticslesion mapping studiesneuroimagingneuropsychological assessmenttraining and remediation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are high-order cognitive processes essential for goal-directed behavior, adaptation, and social interaction.
  • Traditionally linked to frontal lobe function, EFs also involve posterior and subcortical regions, particularly in sensory and emotional integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse range of executive functions and their neural underpinnings.
  • To explore evidence for rehabilitation interventions, neuropsychological assessment, development, and genetic factors in EF recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of lesion mapping and neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of data from standard and ecologically valid neuropsychological tests.
  • Examination of developmental and genetic predisposition studies.

Main Results:

  • EFs involve a complex network beyond the frontal lobes, including posterior and subcortical areas.
  • Evidence supports various rehabilitation and assessment strategies for EFs.
  • Developmental and genetic factors influence EF capabilities and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functions are critical for uniquely human abilities.
  • Detailed analysis of EF subcomponents can guide the development of targeted translational interventions for improvement.