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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
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Complement and coagulation cascades in trauma.

Abhigyan Satyam1, Elizabeth R Graef1, Peter H Lapchak1

  • 1Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts.

Acute Medicine & Surgery
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe trauma triggers an innate immune response, activating complement and coagulation cascades. Their interaction causes inflammation and coagulopathy, hindering repair and increasing morbidity. Further research is needed for effective therapies.

Keywords:
CoagulationDAMPsPAMPScomplementtrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trauma Pathophysiology
  • Hemorrhage Management

Background:

  • Trauma is a leading cause of death, particularly in younger populations.
  • Advances in acute and prehospital care improve survival rates for severe injuries.
  • Innate immune responses to trauma, especially hemorrhage, can cause life-threatening complications and tissue injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the innate immune response to trauma.
  • To review the complement and coagulation cascades and their interactions.
  • To highlight the need for therapeutic targets to reduce trauma-associated morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of innate immune response to trauma.
  • Analysis of complement and coagulation cascades.
  • Examination of the cross-talk between these cascades and their role in inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Severe hemorrhage induces a robust innate immune response.
  • Complement and coagulation cascades are key mediators of trauma-induced coagulopathy.
  • Cross-talk between these cascades amplifies responses, leading to systemic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between complement and coagulation pathways contributes to prolonged inflammation and tissue injury after trauma.
  • Effective therapeutic targets for trauma-induced coagulopathy and inflammation remain elusive.
  • Further research is crucial to improve survival and reduce morbidity in trauma patients.