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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
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Poststroke Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study from a Tertiary Care Center.

Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia1, Jitendra Sharma1, Abhishek Pathak1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
|October 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Poststroke cognitive decline (PSCD) affects one-third of stroke survivors within 3 months, with diabetes and hypertension as key predictors. Cognitive impairment significantly decreases by 6 months post-stroke.

Keywords:
Mini-Mental State ExaminationMontreal Cognitive Assessmentpoststroke cognitive declineprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Poststroke cognitive decline (PSCD) is a significant and disabling consequence of stroke.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of PSCD is crucial for effective management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of poststroke cognitive decline (PSCD).
  • To identify sociodemographic and clinical determinants and risk factors associated with PSCD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, hospital-based study involving 200 stroke patients.
  • Cognitive function assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 3 and 6 months post-stroke.
  • Statistical analyses included Chi-squared and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to identify significant associations and differences (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of PSCD by MoCA was 67% at 3 months and 31.6% at 6 months.
  • Prevalence by MMSE was 46.3% at 3 months, reducing to 17.1% at 6 months.
  • Diabetes and hypertension were identified as major predictors of new-onset PSCD.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately one-third of stroke patients develop PSCD within 3 months, varying in severity.
  • The prevalence of PSCD significantly decreases by the 6-month follow-up.
  • Diabetes and hypertension are significant risk factors for developing poststroke cognitive impairment.