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Brian Nordstrom1, Namgyal Sherpa1, Meagan Marshall2

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Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection, can rarely affect the eye. This case highlights chorioretinitis and vitreal involvement, emphasizing the importance of considering this diagnosis in endemic areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
  • While typically a pulmonary disease, it can disseminate to other organ systems via lymphohematogenous spread.
  • Ocular involvement is a rare but serious complication of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Observation:

  • This report details a rare case of ocular coccidioidomycosis.
  • The patient presented with chorioretinitis and vitreal involvement.
  • Anterior segment structures are more commonly affected in ocular coccidioidomycosis, making isolated posterior segment disease infrequent.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates isolated posterior segment ocular involvement (chorioretinitis and vitreal disease) due to Coccidioides fungus.
  • This presentation is infrequent, as anterior segment structures are more typically affected.
  • Highlights the diagnostic challenge of rare ocular manifestations of endemic mycoses.

Implications:

  • Ophthalmologists should consider coccidioidomycosis in the differential diagnosis of chorioretinitis and vitreal inflammation, especially in endemic regions.
  • Early recognition and treatment of ocular coccidioidomycosis are crucial to prevent vision loss.
  • This case expands the understanding of the spectrum of ocular presentations of Coccidioides infection.