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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
Published on: September 13, 2018
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Species-Specific Host-Virus Interactions: Implications for Viral Host Range and Virulence
Stefan Rothenburg1, Greg Brennan1
1School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Trends in Microbiology
|October 11, 2019
Summary
Viral interactions with host immunity determine a virus's host range and virulence. Mutations can unexpectedly alter immune evasion, impacting new host species. This study proposes a model considering the full viral-host interactome.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Host species-specific and virus strain-specific interactions with the innate immune system are crucial for virus host range and virulence.
- Viral proteins interacting with host immune molecules can evolve under constraints, leading to unpredictable effects on immune evasion in new hosts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a comprehensive model for viral fitness and host range.
- To integrate the concept of the full host-virus interactome, encompassing all interactions influencing viral infection and disease.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent findings on host-species interactions of poxvirus, herpesvirus, and influenza virus proteins.
- Development of a theoretical model based on evolutionary constraints of interacting proteins and immune evasion.
Main Results:
- Viral fitness and host range are determined by the cumulative effect of all host-virus interactions, both positive and negative.
- Mutations selected for replication in one host species can inadvertently affect immune antagonism in naive hosts.
Conclusions:
- A holistic view of the viral interactome is essential for understanding viral host range and virulence.
- The proposed model provides a framework for predicting viral behavior across different host species by considering the complete set of molecular interactions.
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