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Background noise disrupts host-parasitoid interactions.

Jennifer N Phillips1, Sophia K Ruef1, Christopher M Garvin1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|October 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increased background noise, such as traffic and ocean surf, significantly hinders the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea from locating its host cricket. This finding suggests noise pollution can disrupt predator-prey dynamics and benefit hosts.

Keywords:
Gryllus lineaticepsOrmia ochraceaexperimental playbackhost–parasitoid interactionsnoise pollutionsoundscape

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Soundscapes are crucial for species communication, including mate attraction and host detection.
  • Anthropogenic and natural noise pollution can interfere with acoustic signals, impacting species interactions and ecosystems.
  • The parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea relies on auditory cues to locate its host, the variable field cricket Gryllus lineaticeps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of background noise on the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea's ability to detect and navigate to its host.
  • To determine if increased noise levels mask or distract flies from cricket calls, affecting host location.

Main Methods:

  • Field manipulation experiment using fly traps baited with cricket calls.
  • Playback of cricket advertisement calls exposed to a gradient of experimental traffic and ocean surf noise.
  • Quantified the number of Ormia ochracea caught under varying noise conditions.

Main Results:

  • A significant decline in Ormia ochracea captures was observed with increasing noise amplitude.
  • Higher background noise levels negatively influenced the parasitoid's host-finding success.
  • These findings suggest that noise pollution can alter parasitoid-host interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Background noise can significantly impair the host-locating ability of Ormia ochracea, potentially benefiting the field cricket host.
  • Increasing global sensory pollution may drive evolutionary changes in host-parasitoid relationships.
  • Further research is needed to explore the effects of noise on cricket phonotaxis and other acoustically mediated interactions.