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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
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Disfluent, But Fast.

Štěpán Bahník1

  • 1Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic.

Experimental Psychology
|October 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Processing fluency, the ease of cognitive processing, can influence judgments. This study found that processing disfluency, or difficulty, can paradoxically lead to faster decision-making times.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Metacognition
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Processing fluency, a metacognitive experience of ease, influences judgments.
  • Response times are often used as a proxy for processing fluency, with shorter times indicating higher fluency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if processing disfluency can lead to faster decision times.
  • To examine the relationship between fluency and decision speed when disfluency is a strong cue.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulated retrieval fluency via prior word presentation.
  • Manipulated phonological fluency by varying pseudoword pronounceability.
  • Assessed participant liking and decision times for pseudowords with varying fluency levels.
Keywords:
fluencyjudgmentlikingpronounceabilityrecognitionresponse times

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Main Results:

  • Participants showed increased liking for easy-to-pronounce and previously presented words.
  • Decision times were faster for pseudowords that were hard-to-pronounce or easy-to-pronounce, compared to moderately pronounceable ones.
  • An inverted-U shaped relationship was observed between fluency and decision times.

Conclusions:

  • Disfluency can result in faster decision-making.
  • Response times require careful interpretation as a measure of processing fluency, as they can be influenced by disfluency.
  • Separating judgment processes is crucial when using response times to measure processing fluency.